Credits

• Current app icon created by Pierluigi Rufo.
• Original app icon and promotional image created by Christian Alban, as the winner of a design contest hosted at 99 designs.
• Localization
• Code contributions:
  • Configuring and applying custom colors to accounts: khris78
• Website built with:
  • Bootstrap
  • Glyphicons
  • Nexus S Device Frame Generation based on Android Asset Studio

Licence

GNU General Public License version 3

Source code

My Expenses is free software, you can download its source code from mtotschnig/MyExpenses, inspect how it works, maybe learn from it, improve it, even redistribute it, provided you respect the licence.

Links

• Presentation in the blog of Meinnoteblog (German): Finanzverwaltung mit Android
• Post in German Quicken user forum: Meine Ausgaben (Android und Quicken)
• Presentation in the blog of Wilfried Caruel (French): Présentation de mes dépenses
• Article on expense tracking in German weekly newspaper Die Zeit, which evaluates My Expenses: Ein Euro hier, fünf Euro da
• My Expenses presented on Vietnamese software review site https://taimienphi.vn
• My Expenses included into list of Best Personal Expense Apps of 2021 on Leap Droid
• Interview with the developer of a fantastic app on appoftheday.downloadastro.com
• My Expenses reviewed on freeappsforme.com

Instructions for translators

Thank you for your interest in helping make My Expenses available in different languages. Currently My Expenses is translated to 34 languages (Arabic, Basque, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese (China), Chinese (Taiwan), Chinese (Hongkong), Croation, Czech, Danish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Kannada, Khmer, Korean, Malay, Polish, Portuguese (Brazil), Portuguese (Portugal), Romanian, Russian, Sinhala, Spanish, Tamil, Telugu, Turkish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese) by close to 100 volunteers.

Translations are managed at Weblate, which provides a nice editor with very helpful productivity tools. If you want to start a translation into a new language, or help review or complete one of the existing ones, please register at Weblate and/or contact [email protected].

Translations are grouped into components depending on how they are referenced in the project's source code :

Strings

This resource has all messages appearing in the user interface, from button labels, to informative dialogues

Help

On each application screen, My Expenses provides a help dialogue explaining the availaible functionality. This resource has the titles for the help dialogues, and all help texts.

Categories

My Expenses allows to import a set of default categories for each language. This resource includes the English categories as a template for a new language. It is also possible to define custom categories that reflect more accurately the economic reality of a linguistic region outside of Weblate.

Glossary

Weblate allows to maintain a glossary for often used terminology, and will show this in the editor where applicable, thus helping to maintain consistency.

I am looking forward to collaborating with you on making My Expenses available in your language!

Go Premium

Please contribute by upgrading Les Meves Despeses and gain unrestricted access to the following features:

Participate

With your support, My Expenses keeps growing in functionality, while being distributed ad free and Open Source.

• My Expenses evolves through your reports and suggestions. If you find a problem or think of an improvement, create a new issue, in Github's Issue Tracker.
• If you are interested in helping to test upcoming versions, please join the Beta test.
• You can also help translate My Expenses into new languages.
• Please consider purchasing one of the Licence Keys and gain access to more features.
• If you just want to express your support to the project, you can send a donation via Github Sponsors, Bitcoin (15WECHs6zGQyyiRYoLmVzWYfoKVDoipmSp) or Paypal.

4.0.12025-07-04

Transaction list now shows more details for split transactions. Print : Balance Sheet, Debt Overview. Price history : Import / Export.

4.0.02025-06-19

Pie chart showing distribution of money between accounts. Price History: Bulk download of missing entries. Translation : Thai (Contributed by abotabl.). Translation : Belarusian (Contributed by keefeer)

3.9.92025-05-28

Improved PDF export layout, fully customizable with drag-and-drop. Translation : Bangla (Contributed by Istiaque)

3.9.82025-04-10

Balance Sheet : See your assets, liabilities, and net worth — all in one place.

3.9.72025-03-24

Quick search / Complex search

3.9.62025-03-15

Enhanced foreign currency account management with automatic exchange rate updates and real-time value tracking.

3.9.52025-02-06

Exported files (PDF, backup, QIF, CSV, JSON) can be downloaded via Web User Interface. Performance enhancement

3.9.42025-01-26

Search 2.0. Split transaction: Refinement of the user interface

3.9.32025-01-01

Exchange Rate Provider: Refinement of the user interface

3.9.22024-12-14

Budgeting: Synchronization

3.9.12024-11-11

Archive: Refinement of the user interface. Budgeting: Refinement of the user interface

3.9.02024-10-21

Saving goal / Credit limit: Refinement of the user interface

3.8.92024-10-06

Archive: Refinement of the user interface. Debt Overview: Refinement of the user interface

3.8.82024-09-13

Transactions can be archived.

3.8.72024-07-19

Search for transactions with same properties.

3.8.62024-06-14

Distribution per expenses and distribution per income can be shown together in double-ring donut chart.

3.8.52014-05-28

FinTS: ING-DiBa. Print: Configuration (Paper format, Orientation, Font size)

3.8.42014-05-17

Simplified setup of cloud backup

3.8.32014-04-29

Budgeting 4.0

3.8.22014-04-15

Search: Refinement of the user interface. Account widget configuration: Buttons. “Scan receipt” feature can be called from widget “My accounts”.

3.8.12024-04-06

Imprimeix: Configuració (Format del paper, Capçalera i peu)

3.8.02024-04-01

Merge Categories

3.7.92024-03-25

Quantitat original: Refinament de la interfície d'usuari

3.7.82024-03-20

Charts honour search filter.

3.7.72024-03-11

Export to CSV: Original amount, Equivalent amount. Refinement of the user interface

3.7.62024-03-01

Clone multiple transactions with new date. Web user interface can be controlled from main screen. Convert to transfer. Export to CSV: MS Excel

3.7.52024-02-19

Unlink transfer

3.7.42024-02-14

Custom colors for tags

3.7.32024-02-06

Synchronization: Stability improvements. Transaction list: Refinement of the user interface

3.7.22024-01-18

Sincronització: Microsoft OneDrive

3.7.12023-12-20

Fes una foto: Refinament de la interfície d'usuari

3.7.02023-12-14

Menu on main screen can be fully customized.

3.6.92023-12-03

Transfers can be mapped to categories. When screen lock is enabled, allow to opt-out of disabling screenshots.

3.6.82023-11-19

Per categories, Pressupostar: Refinament de la interfície d'usuari

3.6.72023-11-08

Categories can now be configured as expense or income categories, which will impact how the expense and income sums are calculated.

3.6.62023-10-28

Home Screen Widget displaying current state of budget.

3.6.52023-10-02

Attach arbitrary number of images and documents (PDF)

3.6.42023-09-16

Import into multiple accounts from one CSV file. New strategy for managing duplicate payer/payee information.

3.6.32023-09-01

Multibanking (Alemanya)

3.6.22023-07-19

Preferències: Refinament de la interfície d'usuari

3.6.12023-07-03

Transaction list can be sorted by amount. Files in application folder (backups and exports) can be shared or deleted.

3.6.02023-06-23

Vista de calendari: Refinament de la interfície d'usuari

3.5.92023-06-18

Icons for payment methods can be customized. Grand total: Search: Equivalent amount

3.5.82023-06-09

Widget follows theme configuration (light/dark). Template shortcut

3.5.72023-06-02

Material 3

3.5.62023-05-12

Optimize image file size

3.5.52023-05-02

Backup file name is now configurable.

3.5.42023-04-18

Proveïdor de tipus de canvi: https://coinapi.io

3.5.32023-03-25

Gestió del deute: Refinament de la interfície d'usuari

3.5.22023-03-07

Sincronització: Categories

3.5.12023-02-07

Gestió del deute: Refinament de la interfície d'usuari

3.5.02023-01-30

Encrypt database (Experimental)

3.4.92023-01-07

Sincronització (WebDAV): Reconfigurar. Traducció: urdú

3.4.82022-12-23

Traducció: neerlandès

3.4.72022-12-10

Sincronització: Emmagatzematge local

3.4.62022-11-19

Transaction list: Redesign

3.4.52022-09-05

Budgeting 3.0. Web User Interface: https

3.4.42022-08-12

Icons for categories 2.0

3.4.32022-08-01

Customize: Export to CSV. Export to JSON 2.0

3.4.22022-07-20

Web User Interface 2.0

3.4.12022-06-10

Operació repartida: Refinament de la interfície d'usuari. Particions:

3.4.02022-05-23

Notes field allows multiple lines. Bug fixes: Synchronization

3.3.92022-05-06

Elimina les còpies de seguretat antigues. Envia l'exportació: HTTP

3.3.82022-04-19

Jerarquia de categories arbitràriament profunda. Pressupost: Refinament de la interfície d'usuari

3.3.72022-03-02

Sincronització - Configuració: Refinament de la interfície d'usuari.

3.3.62022-02-07

Share debt summary. Tags for split parts.

3.3.52021-12-11

Gestió del deute 2.0. Exportació: JSON. Escaneja el rebut (xinès, devanagari, japonès, coreà)

3.3.42021-09-25

Gestió del deute

3.3.32021-07-09

Exchange Rate Provider: https://exchangerate.host. In addition to local storage on the device, the backup file can be copied to a remote backend.

3.3.22021-06-15

Translation: Telugu. Currency: Refinement of the user interface.

3.3.12021-05-31

Settings - Autofill: Refinement of the user interface.

3.3.02021-04-30

CSV import: Tags. Active Tags.

3.2.92021-04-18

Duplicate parties can be merged. Remaining amount in split transactions can be copied to clipboard.

3.2.82021-04-09

Account widget can be configured to display single account and to take future transactions into account. Show total amount of selected transactions.

3.2.72021-04-02

Two existing transactions can be linked as transfer.

3.2.62021-03-20

Transactions can repeat on last day of month.

3.2.52021-03-12

Importació CSV: Emplenament automàtic

3.2.42021-02-22

Web User Interface

3.2.32021-01-30

Date button allows quick navigation to previous and next day.

3.2.22021-01-25

The sums for expenses, income and transfers in the group headers can be hidden. Calculate the difference between the current balance and a new value. Filter and budgets can be defined for a subset of accounts.

3.2.12020-12-21

Text recognition now works with more languages.

3.2.02020-12-05

Images can be cropped.

3.1.92020-11-29

Refinement of the user interface.

3.1.82020-11-19

Default click action can be defined per template.

3.1.72020-11-14

Templates can be loaded from transaction form.

3.1.62020-10-30

Save button in transaction form is more salient. Long press on the floating action button opens a menu that allows to prepare the form for transfer, split transaction or income.

3.1.52020-10-22

Dark theme linked to system default. Refinement of the user interface.

3.1.42020-10-03

Scan receipt.

3.1.32020-08-21

Enhanced management of recurring transactions. Kannada translation.

3.1.22020-05-23

Custom date format. Tags are exported to CSV. Collapsed state of groups in transaction list is memorized.

3.1.12020-05-03

The list of parties (payers and payees) is searchable.

3.1.02020-04-21

Transactions can be mapped to multiple tags.

3.0.92020-03-21

Selecciona-ho tot

3.0.82020-03-09

Multiple accounts can now be exported into one file. Account metadata is now synchronized. Improved homescreen widgets.

3.0.72019-12-11

Bulk editing.

3.0.62019-10-28

Budgeting 2.0.

3.0.52019-09-13

New implementation for synchronization via Dropbox and Drive.

3.0.42019-09-01

Download exchange rates.

3.0.32019-06-12

Tamil translation. Sync now button in main menu. Immediate synchronization after local changes can be disabled.

3.0.22019-05-31

Icons for categories.

3.0.12019-02-14

Accounts can be closed and/or hidden.

3.0.02019-01-19

Ukrainian translation. CSV export: Delimiter made configurable.

2.9.92019-01-11

Encryption for backups and synchronization data.

2.9.82018-12-24

Filter for transactions without mapping to categories, payees or methods. Optimized storage of synchronized data.

2.9.72018-11-29

Custom currencies.

2.9.62018-11-15

Budgeting.

2.9.52018-09-27

Custom colors for main categories.

2.9.42018-09-20

Upon app start, scroll transaction list to current date.

2.9.32018-09-16

Saving goals and credit limits. Account groups (per type or currency) can be collapsed.

2.9.22018-09-07

Account list redesign. Synchronization can be limited to Wi-Fi.

2.9.12018-05-28

Transaction time is now optional. Optionally distinguish between booking date and value date.

2.9.02018-04-07

Multiple transactions can be grouped into one split transaction. Split transaction can be ungrouped.

2.8.92018-03-19

Conversion between foreign currencies and home currency.

2.8.82018-02-24

History chart (Cash flow).

2.8.72018-02-01

Protection by device lock screen.

2.8.62018-01-25

PDF export (Print) can be shared.

2.8.52018-01-13

Synchronization via Dropbox.

2.8.42017-11-23

Auto-fill made configurable.

2.8.32017-11-05

Ascending sort direction (oldest transactions on top).

2.8.22017-10-14

Templates and plans for split transactions. Introducing Professional Licence Key. Home screen widgets adapt to user-preferred font size.

2.8.12017-09-07

Option for custom plans. Fix cloud storage of large backups.

2.8.02017-08-27

Hebrew translation. Picker for custom account color.

2.7.92017-04-14

Currency symbols can be configured.

2.7.82017-04-01

App Shortcuts for Android 7.1.

2.7.72017-03-18

Auto backups can be stored on cloud backend.

2.7.62017-02-28

Minor improvements.

2.7.52017-02-10

Synchronization across devices via cloud services.

2.7.12016-08-15

Problems with plans on Samsung devices are fixed. Edit transactions from distribution screen.

2.7.02016-06-18

New launcher icon. Search for transfers. Sort plans by next instance.

2.6.92016-05-29

Transaction form allows to create recurrence directly.

2.6.82016-05-08

Setup of recurring and future transactions made easier.

2.6.72016-04-30

Simplified Chinese translation. Improved handling of plan instances.

2.6.62016-03-09

New menu icons.

2.6.52016-02-19

Sorting of templates, categories and accounts made easier.

2.6.42016-01-25

Categories screen can be searched. Account balance can be copied to clipboard. Paste into calculator from clipboard. Help for date format in export dialog.

2.6.32016-01-07

Transfers between accounts with different currencies.

2.6.22015-12-22

Days where week and month start can be configured.

2.6.12015-12-05

Categories can be moved.

2.6.02015-11-28

Material design. Improved tablet layout. Support for Samsung Knox.

2.5.22015-09-12

Còpia de seguretat automàtica

2.5.12015-08-30

Configurable number format. Danish translation.

2.5.02015-08-26

CSV import. Korean translation.

2.4.92015-06-15

Export categories to QIF. Display aggregate sums in home screen widget.

2.4.82015-06-04

The status of cloned transactions is reset to unreconciled. Alternative restore method for devices without file manager.

2.4.72015-06-01

Clone command opens editing form.

2.4.62015-05-16

Transactions can be set to state "Void".

2.4.52015-05-04

Export and reset functionality can now be applied to transactions matched by search filter.

2.4.42015-04-21

Search filter for duration. Filters for method, payee, status and category now allow multiple selection. Basque translation.

2.4.32015-04-03

If application is password protected, pictures are stored securely in internal storage.

2.4.22015-03-26

Attach picture to transaction.

2.4.12015-02-23

Pie chart visualizing distribution per category.

2.4.02014-12-16

Transform normal transaction into split transaction.

2.3.92014-12-04

Upon database restore, plans are now recreated. New translations: Bulgarian, Croatian and Romanian.

2.3.82014-10-31

Japanese translation. Transaction groups can be collapsed.

2.3.72014-10-25

Payment methods are sorted alphabetically.

2.3.62014-10-21

Customize grouping of accounts in account list. Group headers now show previous balance and net gain/loss.

2.3.52014-10-15

From distribution screen, display list of transactions per category. Improved payer/payee autocomplete.

2.3.42014-09-30

Customizable number of fraction digits for currencies. Allow to exclude accounts from totals.

2.3.32014-09-20

Redisseny de la llista de comptes: ordre definit d'usuari. Sumes de grup en llista de transacció necessita filtres en compte.

2.3.22014-09-06

Print to PDF ara pren en càrrega escriptures no occidentals. Traducció al Malaisi.

2.3.12014-09-02

Emplenament automàtic de l'última transacció per al mateix beneficiari/pagador. Plantilla instantània amb un toc curt en l'entrada a la llista de plantilles. Codificació per a la importació QIF.

2.3.02014-08-26

imprimir la llista de transacció en fitxer PDF (Premium).

2.2.02014-08-09

Recerca d'operacions per categoria, quantitat, comentari, estatut, beneficiari/pagador, forma de pagament.

2.1.62014-07-01

Traducció al Sinhala. Suport multi-finestra en dispositius Samsung. Flux de treball de reconciliació.

2.1.52014-06-02

Les còpies de seguretat es troben actualment emmagatzemades en arxius ZIP que es poden compartir (correu electrònic, Drive, Dropbox,...) i restaurar des de fonts externes.

2.1.42014-05-29

Dreceres de la pantalla inicial per a afegir moviments i transferències.

2.1.32014-05-25

Ginys de pantalla inicial per a l'entrada ràpida de dades.

2.1.22014-04-26

Traducció al rus.

2.1.12014-04-21

La localització de la carpeta de còpies de seguretat i exportacions ara és configurable.

2.1.02014-04-16

Còpies de seguretat mindependents. Importació QIF.

2.0.22014-02-23

Traducció al grec. Inici de setmana que depengui del lloc (p. ex. diumenge per als EUA).

2.0.12014-02-12

Millores d'interfície d'usuari: #115, #117, #120, #122, #124. Activa la transacció de dates segons el fus horari.

2.02014-01-31

UI modernitzat: calaix de navegació i barra d'acció contextual.

1.11.52014-01-12

Millores a la gestió de la planificació: Podeu aplicar les instàncies pendents per endavant. Noves traduccions: Portuguès, Polonès, Txec.

1.11.02013-12-31

Mostra la llista d'operacions i la distribució estadística agrupada dels diferents comptes.

1.10.52013-12-24

Traducció al Xinès (Tradicional). El formulari d'operacions ara permet triar el compte. La interfície de les transferències ara és més clara.

1.10.42013-12-16

Millores a la interfície (#94). Correccions: Problemes (#95,#96).

1.10.32013-12-14

Ara el saldo actual es torna a mostrar de forma més destacada i mostra els botons principals a la part inferior, quan el dispositiu està en orientació vertical. Correccions: Problemes #71,#91,#92,#93.

1.10.22013-12-12

Quan la llista d'operacions està agrupada, mostra el balanç intermedi per a cada període a la capçalera del grup. Correcció: Problema #90.

1.10.12013-12-06

Idioma configurable. Tipus de lletra configurable.

1.10.02013-12-01

Planificacions per operacions futures i recurrents. Traducció al Khmer.

1.9.72013-11-07

Número de referència (pagaments per xec). Comenceu a la llista de comptes des del llançador. Feu lliscar el dit per canviar de període a la vista de distribució. Es pot configurar el format de la data per a exportar en formats QIF i CSV. Millores a la interfície.

1.9.62013-10-18

Marqueu les operacions al aprovar-les / reconciliar-les (activat per a comptes bancaris i targes de crèdit). Ara és possible editar les parts. Traducció a l'hongarès.

1.9.52013-10-04

Distribució d'operacions per categoria (Premium).

1.9.12013-09-23

Correcció: Problema #69. Traducció a l'àrab.

1.9.02013-08-20

Agrupeu les operacions per dia, setmana, mes, any i mostreu el total per grup. A la llista d'operacions es mostra el beneficiari. La llista de comptes està ordenada (per freqüència d'ús per omissió).

1.8.5.2013-08-06

Split transactions (Premium).

1.8.1.2013-07-11

Vietnamese translation. Minor improvements.

1.8.0.2013-07-10

New UI design based on Holo theme. Integrated help dialogs. Export without reset.

1.7.42013-06-18

Exportació a CSV. Que es declari explícitament suport per a pantalles de grans dimensions per fer aplicació de nou disponible per a les tauletes de Google Play. Suport a Android 1.6.

1.7.32013-05-23

Clonar les transaccions (Premium). Desar i nova.

1.7.22013-05-21

Restablir tots els comptes (Premium). Calculadora. Pregunta de seguretat de contrasenya perduda (Premium). Retard configurable per a la protecció de contrasenya. Creació de plantilles des de zero.

1.7.12013-05-09

Protecció per contrasenya. Arreglat el problema amb el maneig de la data en alguns idiomes (àrab, bengalí, persa, hindi, marathi, pashto, tamil).

1.7.02013-04-26

Passi a través de comptes (Swipe Gesture). Modifica les plantilles (Premium). Restaurar còpia de seguretat sense desinstal·lar / reinstal (Premium). Demanar confirmació a restaurar a install. Visualitzar la situació financera global en llista de comptes (Premium). Resolt problema que oscil·lava en el tema clar.

1.6.82013-02-23

Localitzat icona de l'aplicació i el botó de la data. Les notes es mostren a la llista de transaccions.

1.6.72013-02-08

Colors diferents per a cada compte. Traducció al Turc.

1.6.62013-01-26

Associació entre els tipus de comptes i mètodes de pagament reparats. Utilitza la mida del tipus de lletra estàndard del sistema.

1.6.52013-01-24

Aparença: tema fosc. Traducció al català. Nova suma de transferències a la vista dels comptes.

1.6.02012-12-24

Creare operazione riguardo modelli. È possibile configurare set di caratteri del file QIF (compatibilità MS Money). Miglioramenti dell'interfaccia utente. Mostra i recenti operazioni in cima. L'elenco degli conti mostra una panoramica della situazione finanziaria.

1.5.12012-10-21

Fixed problem with restore from old backups. Show payment method in transaction details.

1.5.02012-10-20

Payment methods. FTP transfer factored out to SendWithFTP app. Bug fixes (Issues #24, #27, #28 ,#29, #30, #32, #33). Improved QIF format (header and category).

1.4.122012-04-26

User interface translated to Spanish. Move transaction to different account. Parties list sorted alphabetically.

1.4.112012-04-20

Improved stability of categories import and ftp transfer. Added FAQ. Generic export through any installed file transfer app.

1.4.102012-04-14

Improved usability and added configurability to input of currency amounts.

1.4.92012-03-31

Additional features for list of payers/payees (import from Grisbi, delete). Fixed display of buttons in ICS.

1.4.82012-03-26

Revamped user interface. Some bug-fixes.

1.4.72012-03-09

Improved usability of currency input. Reduced apk size, since tutorial is no longer included, but hosted on Github.

1.4.62012-03-04

Backup and restore of database and preferences. User interface translated to Italian.

1.4.52012-02-13

Support for sending QIF file via email. Reduced memory footprint.

1.4.42012-02-08

FTP upload done in background. Default account created in user's language and currency.

1.4.32012-02-03

Improved parsing of number input in German locale. Upload of QIF file to FTP server.

1.4.12012-01-31

Input of transaction amounts now respects user's locale. Bug fix: Opening balance could not be set.

1.4.02012-01-27

Currencies now handled with java.util.Currency. Support for transfers between accounts.

1.3.22012-01-17

Improved help and included tutorial.

1.3.02012-01-13

Cleaned up UI.

1.2.82012-01-08

Fixed bug in export.

1.2.72012-01-07

Added payee field. Ignore empty fields in QIF export.

1.2.62011-11-06

Better management of categories: Default category files from Grisbi are now included in the app, categories can be deleted and renamed.

1.2.02011-10-07

Support for multiple accounts. No upgrade. You have to uninstall older versions.

1.1.32011-06-06

Use workaround class for bug in SimpleCursorTreeAdapter (NullPointerException when adding the first subcategory) from http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=9170; better feedback when category import goes wrong.

1.1.22011-05-18

Sort categories by usages; Allow assignment of main category; Allow manual creation of categories; Improved handling of categories import.

Thank you

Thank you for your payment. Your transaction has been completed, and a receipt for your purchase has been emailed to you. You may log into your account at www.paypal.com to view details of this transaction. In order to claim your key, open My Expenses on your Android device, go to the Settings screen and click on the "Request a key" entry.

Imprint

Responsible for the content of this website and for development, maintenance and distribution of Les Meves Despeses : Michael Totschnig

Privacy policy

Les Meves Despeses does not access any data on your device other than its own database, its own folder on the SD card. If you use the feature of plans for future and recurrent transactions, you assign the calendar, where these plans are stored.
Les Meves Despeses requires the following permissions :

Calendar

Plans for future and recurrent transactions are stored either in a special local calendar or in any other calendar you assign.

Internet

Anonymous usage tracking (Play), Crash reports (Play), Licence key validation (F-Droid), Cloud synchronization (Play, F-Droid).

Accounts

Synchronization across devices via cloud services.